It distinguished itself for being the religious and administrative capital of the extensive Inca Empire, which flourished in ancient Peru between 1400 and 1534. This empire, which extended from Quito to Santiago, comprised the largest territory ever observed in America. It was characterized by a puma-like city dominated by majestic buildings and palaces. Today, UNESCO has designated Cusco as a World Heritage Site.
Historic Center of Cusco
The Historic Center of Cusco is the heart of the ancient capital of the Inca Empire and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Within the center you can see the most emblematic buildings such as the Plaza de Armas, surrounded by colonial churches, the Coricancha (Temple of the Sun), and the Barrio de San Blas, famous for its art and crafts. The fusion of Inca and Spanish architecture is shown in the stone buildings, offering a unique blend of history and culture. It is one of the must-see tourist sites in Cusco for those seeking to learn about the origins and heritage of its Inca legacy.
Places marked in history
Main Square
The core of tourist interest. The Plaza de Armas, the ancient capital of the Inca Empire. Hundreds of tourists of different nationalities congregate in this place. In the upper part, the monumental architectures of the church of the Company of Jesus and the Cathedral stand out. In this place the most significant ceremonies of the city take place. It is a place full of tourism and history that, undoubtedly, you must visit during your trip to Peru.
San Blas and its Artists’ Quarter
This picturesque neighborhood is famous for its narrow streets, local artists’ workshops and bohemian atmosphere. San Blas, the artists’ quarter, is an important area that offers a wide variety of dining and nightlife options, as well as artists’ studios, galleries and historical attractions. This region captivates visitors during the day with its charming narrow streets and unique stores, but comes alive at night, when its bars and restaurants radiate a captivating energy.
Coricancha: the Temple of the Sun
The Coricancha, also known as the “Golden Temple”, was the most important religious precinct of the empire. This complex was covered with gold plates and decorated with emeralds, representing the greatness of the Inca Empire and its devotion to the Sun God, Inti. In addition to its architectural majesty, the Coricancha was an astronomical center where celestial bodies were observed and aligned with key astronomical events, demonstrating the precision and scientific knowledge of the Incas.
The Sacred Valley of the Incas
The Sacred Valley of the Incas extends along the Urubamba River and is surrounded by imposing mountains. This region was fundamental for the agriculture of the Inca Empire due to its fertile soil. Some of the most important archaeological sites in Peru are located here:
- Sacsayhuaman: Famous for its impressive stone walls perfectly assembled, this site was a ceremonial fortress.
- Pisac: Known for its agricultural terraces and its traditional market.
- Ollantaytambo: Fortress and Inca city that still preserves its original layout.
- Maras: Famous Inca salt terraces.
- Moray: Ancient Inca agricultural laboratory in the form of circular terraces.
Sacsayhuaman: The fortress that protected Cusco.
The fortress of Sacsayhuaman, located north of the city, was one of the most impressive constructions of the Incas. This enormous structure protected Cusco and was made of gigantic stones fitted together with such precision that not even a sheet of paper could fit between them. The fortress not only served as a defense, but was also a symbol of the military and architectural power of the empire. The fortress, like many other Inca constructions, reflects the incredible engineering skill of the Incas and their ability to build in difficult terrain. Inti Raymi, the celebration of the winter solstice, takes place every June 24 and remains one of the main cultural attractions of the region.
Pisac
It is an excellent place to explore Andean history and traditions, while enjoying its charming handicrafts market. Located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, Pisac is known for its impressive archaeological site and vibrant traditional market. The archaeological complex of Pisac sits atop a hill, offering a panoramic view of the valley. Here, you can find the agricultural terraces built into the mountain slopes, which are still in use today. The site also includes ceremonial and residential structures and a series of terraces that reflect the sophistication of Inca engineering.
Ollantaytambo
This is one of the few places in Peru – Cusco where you can experience a living Inca city. Ollantaytambo is not only an important stop on the route to Machu Picchu, but also has its own archaeological wealth. Its Inca fortress, located on the side of a mountain, was the scene of one of the few victories of the Incas over the Spanish conquistadors. In addition to the fortress, Ollantaytambo preserves an urban layout that has remained almost intact since Inca times, with cobblestone streets and irrigation systems that still function.
Maras
Maras is famous for its salt pans, a collection of more than 3,000 terraced salt wells that have been used since pre-Inca times. The salt water flows from a subway source and evaporates in the sun, leaving salt crystals that are collected by hand. Maras salt is renowned for its quality, and the artisanal extraction process continues to be a tradition in the region. The salt pans of Maras are an impressive visual attraction, with their salt pits in varying shades of white and brown stretching across the mountain slopes.
Moray
A few kilometers from Maras, you will find the archaeological site of Moray, noted for its enormous circular terraces, used in Inca times as an agricultural laboratory. It is believed that these terraces, with their concentric design, allowed the Incas to create diverse microclimates and experiment with different crops at different altitudes. Moray is a clear example of the Incas’ ability to take advantage of natural conditions and develop advanced agricultural systems. The terraces descend in several levels, creating a visually appealing environment that also has deep cultural and scientific significance.
Cusco Sightseeing
Machu Picchu
The Inca citadel of Cusco and Peru’s most emblematic sites, a world famous archaeological site.
- Access: It can be reached from Cusco by train (Peru Rail or Inca Rail) or by the famous Inca Trail.
- What’s New 2024: New preservation measures, visitor limits and improved tourist infrastructure to enhance the experience.
Choquequirao
Considered the “sacred sister” of Machu Picchu, Choquequirao is a less visited, but equally fascinating archaeological complex. It is accessed through a demanding hike.
- Projection 2024: The construction of a cable car is planned to facilitate access without harming its conservation.
Seven Colors Mountain (Vinicunca)
This spectacular mountain with colorful stripes is one of the most popular sites near Cusco.
- Update: New routes and observation points are expected to be implemented to better distribute visitors and reduce ecological impact.
Humantay Lagoon
One of the most beautiful lagoons in Peru, located at the foot of the snow-capped Salkantay. It is famous for its turquoise waters and panoramic views.
- Access: There is a moderate hike to get there from the town of Mollepata.
Manu National Park
This park is one of the richest ecological systems in the world. It is ideal for ecotourism and wildlife observation.
Andahuaylillas and its Sistine Chapel of America
The town of Andahuaylillas is famous for its baroque church, known as the “Sistine Chapel of America” for its impressive interior decoration.
- Relevance: It remains a key point on the Cusco South Valley route, attracting tourists interested in religious and colonial art.
Paucartambo and Tres Cruces
This colonial town is known for its festivities and for being the starting point to Tres Cruces, where you can see impressive sunrises.
- Festivity: The Feast of the Virgen del Carmen, in July, is a traditional celebration of great cultural importance.
Inka Museum
An excellent place to learn more about Inca history and culture, with an extensive collection of artifacts, ceramics and textiles.
- Update 2024-2025: New exhibits on the daily life of the Incas and their cosmovision.
Raqchi (Temple of Wiracocha).
It represents one of the archaeological tourist sites south of Cusco and houses the ruins of the great Temple of Wiracocha, one of the largest and unique Inca buildings in its style.
- Access: Ideal to visit during a tour of the South Valley.
Archaeological sites of Cusco
If we go to tourist places south of Cusco, we will find archaeological sites of great historical value:
- Tipon: An impressive example of water management by the Incas.
- Piquillacta: A pre-Inca site of the Wari culture.
- Rumicolca: Ancient Inca portal.
- Raqchi: Seat of the Temple of Wiracocha, one of the most important of the empire.
- Choquequirao: Known as the “little brother” of Machu Picchu, it is an Inca citadel still in the process of restoration.
Adventure sports and trekking
Cusco is also a paradise for adventure sports. From trekking such as the Salkantay Trek, to bungee jumping, rafting on the Apurimac River and paragliding in the Sacred Valley, to horseback riding through unparalleled landscapes.
Featured events in Cusco 2024-2025
- Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun): Celebrated on June 24 in Sacsayhuaman.
- Qoyllur Riti: Religious pilgrimage in the mountains near Cusco.
- Corpus Christi: Religious celebration that fills the streets of Cusco with color and devotion.
Cusco in 2024-2025 remains a destination where history, nature and adventure combine, offering a complete experience for tourists.
Lively villages and traditions
The Sacred Valley and the surroundings of Cusco are full of villages where ancestral traditions are kept alive:
- Chinchero: Known for its weavings and its colonial church built over an Inca palace.
- Andahuaylillas: Famous for its chapel, known as the “Sistine Chapel of America”.
- Paucartambo: Famous for its feast of the Virgin of Carmen.
- Tres Cruces: Known for its impressive sunrises.
Sightseeing: Nature in Cusco
Cusco is a paradise for nature and adventure sports lovers. The region offers various trekking routes, such as the famous Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, or more challenging expeditions such as the Salkantay, Lares and Ausangate routes. Among its natural wonders is the Manu National Park, one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world, and the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, with a rich flora and fauna surrounding the citadel.
Festivals and folklore in Cusco
Cusco is a land full of life and culture, known for its festivals and traditions. Among the main festivities are the Inti Raymi (Festival of the Sun), which recreates the Inca ceremonies of Sacsayhuaman, and Corpus Christi, a religious celebration that combines elements of the Andean and Christian worldview. The color and music of these festivities reflect the deep cultural legacy that endures in the region.
Cusco offers a complete experience that ranges from the rich history of the Inca civilization, to the natural diversity of its landscapes and the lively cultural tradition that persists in its villages.
Before you travel: Cusco Tourist Ticket
The Cusco Tourist Ticket is a ticket that entitles you to visit numerous archaeological sites and institutions in Cusco and its surroundings. It is indispensable for those who wish to investigate the main attractions of the region, as it covers both the city and the Sacred Valley.